機床鑄件液壓系統故障診斷原則同重型工作組成

[一(yi)]、數(shu)控機(ji)床液壓系統(tong)故障診斷(duan)原則(ze)
一是先主后次的原則。大型床身鑄件針對(dui)可(ke)能(neng)性(xing)較大(da)(da)的(de)(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)進(jin)行深入的(de)(de)探測，若這個可(ke)能(neng)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)不(bu)是正確的(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)，再進(jin)一(yi)(yi)步深入探測二可(ke)能(neng)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)。關鍵問題就是如何判斷各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)發生的(de)(de)可(ke)能(neng)性(xing)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)，方法(fa)是根據(ju)故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)信(xin)息(xi)以(yi)及經驗(yan)進(jin)行排(pai)序(xu)，有(you)以(yi)下幾種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方式：特征(zheng)信(xin)息(xi)排(pai)序(xu)，即(ji)將故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)發生的(de)(de)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特征(zheng)信(xin)息(xi)初步進(jin)行排(pai)序(xu)后，然后就對(dui)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)進(jin)行一(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)檢(jian)(jian)查。初始因(yin)素排(pai)序(xu)，即(ji)將質量差元(yuan)件、負載較大(da)(da)元(yuan)件、長時間運(yun)行元(yuan)件以(yi)及緊密易損壞元(yuan)件作為優先檢(jian)(jian)查的(de)(de)元(yuan)件。故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)概率(lv)排(pai)序(xu)，即(ji)利用(yong)統計(ji)的(de)(de)手段計(ji)算出各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)發生概率(lv)的(de)(de)大(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)作為依據(ju)，進(jin)行故(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)因(yin)檢(jian)(jian)查次序(xu)的(de)(de)排(pai)定。
二是(shi)(shi)先易后難的(de)(de)(de)原則，就是(shi)(shi)先檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)便(bian)于(yu)拆(chai)(chai)卸、直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觀察(cha)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)系統(tong)或(huo)者元(yuan)部件，例(li)如(ru)便(bian)于(yu)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)電氣(qi)系統(tong)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)便(bian)于(yu)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觀察(cha)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)卻水等方面。然后，再排查(cha)難以(yi)(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觀察(cha)測(ce)試(shi)(shi)或(huo)者換拆(chai)(chai)卸的(de)(de)(de)因素(su)，例(li)如(ru)體積較大且十分(fen)笨重的(de)(de)(de)液壓(ya)(ya)缸和液壓(ya)(ya)泵等。一(yi)般設備工作的(de)(de)(de)外部環境、結構簡單的(de)(de)(de)外圍(wei)元(yuan)件等較容易檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)，而具有復雜內部結構的(de)(de)(de)元(yuan)部件不(bu)易檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)，所以(yi)(yi)液壓(ya)(ya)系統(tong)檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)時一(yi)般按(an)照液壓(ya)(ya)閥、液壓(ya)(ya)泵、液壓(ya)(ya)缸以(yi)(yi)及(ji)液壓(ya)(ya)馬達的(de)(de)(de)先后順(shun)序逐個排查(cha)。
[二]、重(zhong)型數控機床工(gong)作(zuo)組成
重型龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)銑鎖床根據橫(heng)梁(liang)和(he)龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)架(jia)是否移(yi)動(dong)分(fen)類為(wei)：定(ding)梁(liang)龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)固定(ding)式、動(dong)梁(liang)龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)固定(ding)式、定(ding)梁(liang)龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)移(yi)動(dong)式(又稱定(ding)梁(liang)橋(qiao)式)、動(dong)梁(liang)龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)移(yi)動(dong)式(又稱動(dong)梁(liang)橋(qiao)式)。此系(xi)列重型數控(kong)(kong)龍(long)門(men)(men)(men)銑鎖床主要用(yong)于(yu)(yu)重型以及超重型機械基礎(chu)零件的(de)加(jia)工，特別適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)各種大尺寸、特殊材料的(de)平面(mian)、曲(qu)面(mian)、空(kong)間(jian)曲(qu)面(mian)和(he)孔的(de)數控(kong)(kong)加(jia)工。
大型鑄件主(zhu)要采用數(shu)(shu)字化信息(xi)來實(shi)現驅動(dong)和自動(dong)控制(zhi)。先將(jiang)零件(jian)的(de)(de)加(jia)工信息(xi)按照要求(qiu)編寫(xie)加(jia)工程序，然(ran)后(hou)將(jiang)零件(jian)的(de)(de)加(jia)工程序輸(shu)入到數(shu)(shu)控裝置(zhi)(zhi)，數(shu)(shu)控裝置(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)過處理、運(yun)算后(hou)將(jiang)執行指令(ling)發送(song)給(gei)伺服驅動(dong)裝置(zhi)(zhi)，進而驅動(dong)伺服電機(ji)運(yun)動(dong)，帶動(dong)各(ge)軸運(yun)動(dong)，檢測裝置(zhi)(zhi)將(jiang)機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)信息(xi)反饋(kui)給(gei)數(shu)(shu)控裝置(zhi)(zhi)，保障了機(ji)床(chuang)有條不紊的(de)(de)工作，加(jia)工出所(suo)需零件(jian)。
數控機(ji)床一般由電氣控制與驅動系統、輔助系統、機(ji)床本體和數控裝置組成。
隨著科學技(ji)術(shu)的(de)發展，電氣(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與驅動系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)在現(xian)代(dai)重型數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)機床方面越來越重要的(de)地位(wei)。XKA28系(xi)(xi)列(lie)龍門(men)銑鎖床電氣(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與驅動系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國(guo)內外(wai)(wai)先進技(ji)術(shu)：采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)西門(men)子(zi)840D數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)；主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)驅動采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)西門(men)子(zi)6RA70調速裝(zhuang)置(zhi)和1PH主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)電機；進給驅動采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)西門(men)子(zi)公司(si)生產的(de)611D全數(shu)(shu)字交流調速系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)和1FT交流伺服電機；各進給軸(zhou)位(wei)置(zhi)檢(jian)測均采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)海漢德(de)(de)(de)公司(si)是(shi)生產的(de)光柵尺，實現(xian)全閉環(huan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)；主(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)定位(wei)檢(jian)測裝(zhuang)置(zhi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)德(de)(de)(de)國(guo)西門(men)子(zi)公司(si)的(de)齒形光電編(bian)碼盤(pan)；其他(ta)主(zhu)(zhu)要電氣(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)元器件采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國(guo)內外(wai)(wai)廠家(jia)產品，從而保證了電氣(qi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與驅動系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)可靠運行(xing)。